What are the symptoms of tomato premature aging? What is the cause of tomato premature aging? How to prevent tomato premature aging? This is the topic the editor will tell you today.
1. Premature aging symptoms
Premature senescence of tomato is characterized by short plants, thin stalks and few side branches; small and yellow leaves, sometimes with nodules on the leaves; early flowering and fruit drop, small fruit and poor coloration, easy to crack, empty and rigid fruit ; Reduced plant resistance.
2. Causes of premature aging
1. Continuous cropping disorder causes premature aging. Continuous cropping of tomatoes in greenhouses all year round causes soil compaction and serious pests and diseases, which affects the normal growth of tomato roots and the absorption of nutrient elements, leading to premature tomato aging.
2. Excessive control of length causes premature aging. The seedlings are raised too early or the previous vegetables are harvested too late, resulting in the seedlings cannot be planted in time and the seedling age is too long. Therefore, in order to inhibit the growth of seedlings, some vegetable farmers take measures such as controlling fertilizer and water and lowering temperature to control seedlings. As a result, it is very likely that small old seedlings will form, leading to premature aging.
3.Improper fertilizer and water cause premature aging. One is the premature aging caused by dehydration. Such as soil drought, excessive squatting of seedlings, and careless management of fertilizer and water, leading to defertilization and dehydration of tomatoes. Second, do not pay attention to the application of organic fertilizers, and increase the application of chemical fertilizers one-sidedly, which will cause soil compaction, reduce permeability, affect the growth and development of the root system, and cause premature tomato aging. The third is that excessive application of one-time fertilizer will increase the concentration of the soil solution, hinder the growth of roots, and cause premature aging.
4. Improper use of hormones can cause premature aging. In greenhouse tomato cultivation, if the temperature is high and the humidity is high, it is very easy to cause the tomato to grow longer. In order to prevent tomato growth, some vegetable farmers often spray paclobutrazol, chlormequat, mepiquat and other hormones to control the growth. However, when the medicine is used, if the concentration is too high or the medicine is repeatedly used, it is easy to form aging seedlings and cause premature aging of tomatoes.
3.Preventive measures
1. Reasonable crop rotation. For tomato premature aging caused by continuous cropping obstacles, crop rotation with non-solanaceous vegetables can be implemented for more than 3 years. Before planting, deep plow the soil in time and add decomposed organic fertilizer to improve the physical properties of the soil, break the soil compaction, and disinfect the soil with a disinfectant.
2. Scientifically arrange the sowing period. Tomato seedlings in spring protection are generally 60-70 days, autumn crops are generally 30-35 days, and autumn and winter crops are 40-50 days. It is necessary to determine the appropriate sowing time according to the stubble and seedling age to prevent premature senescence due to too long seedling age and too large seedlings to affect its normal growth. In order to cultivate strong seedlings and prevent the seedlings from growing excessively, the area of the nursery bed can be increased, watering should be properly controlled, and the row spacing should be increased when dividing the seedlings.
3.及时施肥和佤邦ter. Before planting tomatoes, apply foot base fertilizer. Organic fertilizer is the main base fertilizer, combined with a certain amount of phosphorus, potassium fertilizer and micro-fertilizer to ensure adequate nutrient supply during tomato growth. After entering the fruiting period, pay attention to flushing fertilizer with water and timely supplement plant nutrition. After the tomato plants are slowed down, the seedlings should be squatted in time in order to promote the development of the root system, but the squatting of the seedlings should not be excessive. After watering, the temperature should be raised first and then ventilated to avoid the root temperature being too low and causing premature aging. In addition, pay attention not to water too much each time to prevent retting.